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??·??? ?George Siemens? ??????——?????????????????????????Connectivism????????????????????????????2012????????? ???????????????Connectivism????????????????????
?????????·????George Siemens?????·???Stephen Downes?
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?????Siemens,2005a?
•???????????????•??????????????????????•???????????????•?????????????•?????????????????????•?????????????????????????•?????????????????????????•??????????????????Siemens,G.(2005b).Connectivism: Learning as network creation [DB/OL]. ASTD Learning News,10(1).Retrieved on Jan27,2019from: http://www.elearnspace.org /Articles/networks.htm?
Siemens,G(2005).Connectivism:A Learning Theory for the Digital Age[DB/OL] Retrieved on Jan 27,2019 ,from: http://www.itdl.org/journal/jan_05/article01.htm.
Siemens,G.(2006).Knowing knowledge[DB/OL]Retrieved on Jan 27,2019, from: www.knowingknowledge.com.
Siemens,G.(2011).Orientation: Sensemaking and wayfinding in complex distributed online information environments [D].Aber-deen: University of Aberdeen Doctoral dissertation.
Downes,S.(2012).Connectivism and connective knowledge:Essays on meaning and learning network[DB/OL].National Research Council Canada.Retrieved on June 9,2014,from http://www.downes.ca/files/books/Connective_Knowledge-19May2012.Pdf.
Stephen Downes ?????https://www.downes.ca
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cMOOC ——?????????????
1.cMOOC???
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