什么是有效的基于游戏的学习，以及它是怎样起作用的？

When education or training feels dull, we are not being engaged and motivated. In other words, we’re not really learning. “Learning” doesn’t mean rote memorization—it means acquiring the skills and thought processes needed to respond appropriately under pressure, in a variety of situations.

当感觉教育或训练无趣时,我们不会积极参与这样的教学活动。换句话说,我们不是在真正地学习。“学习”并不意味着死记硬背，而是指获得技能以及能够在面对压力的各种情况下作出适当反应的思维过程。

We don’t need more time in the classroom to learn how to think and perform in the face of real-world challenges. We need effective, interactive experiences that motivate and actively engage us in the learning process. This is where game-based learning comes in. As it turns out, for many years, videogame designers have been producing and refining highly motivating learning environments for their players to enjoy.  

我们不需要在教室里用更多的时间来学习如何思考和如何解决真实世界中的挑战  。我们需要有效的、互动的体验,这种体验将激励我们积极地参与到学习过程中去。这就是基于游戏的学习而来的。事实证明，视频游戏开发者多年来一直在开发和完善一个高度激励的学习环境供玩家去参与其中。
 

Good game-based learning applications can draw us into virtual environments that look and feel familiar and relevant. According to Dr. Susan Ambrose, director of Carnegie Mellon’s Eberly Center for Teaching Excellence, this is motivational because we can quickly see and understand the connection between the learning experience and our real-life work.

良好的基于游戏的学习应用程序可以将我们带入到外观和感觉都与我们熟悉并相关的虚拟环境中。 据卡内基·梅隆·艾波利卓越教学中心的主任——苏珊.安布罗斯博士介绍说，这是能鼓舞人的，因为我们可以很快的看到并理解学习经验与我们现实生活之间的联系。

Within an effective game-based learning environment, we work toward a goal, choosing actions and experiencing the consequences of those actions along the way. We make mistakes in a risk-free setting, and through experimentation, we actively learn and practice the right way to do things. This keeps us highly engaged in practicing behaviors and thought processes that we can easily transfer from the simulated environment to real life. Research supports the effectiveness of game-based learning in virtual environments—for example, according to a meta-analysis of flight simulator training effectiveness, simulators combined with aircraft training consistently produced training improvements compared to aircraft-only training .

在一个有效的基于游戏的学习环境中，我们可以从实现目标的过程中选择自己的行为并且体验这些行为所带来的的结果。我们在没有风险的环境中犯错误，并且通过实验，我们积极学习和实践正确的做事方法。这使我们高度参与到实践行为中，也参与可以很容易地从模拟环境转移到真实生活的思维过程。调查研究证实虚拟环境中的基于游戏的学习的有效性，例如，根据飞行模拟器培训效果的元分析，带有模拟器的飞行训练比单单的飞行训练更能对培训产生改进。

 
In contrast, traditional, passive training approaches drill us on certain narrow procedures, and then evaluate us on our memory of what we were told. Even when we successfully retain the lesson’s facts and procedures, our behavior in true-to-life situations remains untested. In addition, even the most comprehensive training program cannot cover procedures for every complex eventuality that we will encounter—no matter how thick the binder is. In game-based environments, we learn not only the facts, but also the important, underlying hows and whys. This understanding of deeper, more abstract principles prepares us to perform consistently and effectively, even in new and unexpected situations.

相比之下,传统的、被动的训练方法在某些特定的过程中训练我们,然后评价我们记忆的内容。即使我们成功的记住了训练的过程和结果，我们的行为在现实的情况下也仍待检验。另外,不管一个培训计划与现实联系得多么紧密，即使是最全面的计划也不能包含所有的我们将可能遇到的复杂而不可预料的情况。在基于游戏的环境中,我们学到的不仅是事实,也是重要的、潜在的发展形式和原因。这种理解的更深层次、更抽象的原则为我们一贯地、有效地执行做好准备，,即使在新的和意想不到的情况下。