学习元 · Grammar1

虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）表示说话人说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。虚拟语气主要用于if条件状语从句，也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。

1.虚拟语气在if条件从句中的用法

If条件从句	条件从句的谓语形式	主句的谓语形式	例句
表示现在情况	If I (we,you,he,she,they)+动词过去式	Should/would/could/might+动词原形	If I had enough money,I would buy a new car.
表示过去情况	If I (we,you,he,she,they)+had 过去分词	Should/would/could/might+have+过去分词	We would have won,if Jack had scored that goal.
表示未来情况	If I (we,you,he,she,they)+had 动词原形 If I (we,you,he,she,they)+had were to+动词原形 If I (we,you,he,she,they)+had 动词过去式	Should/would/could/might+动词原形	If I were you,I would go to bed early tonight. If it were to rain tomorrow,they would not go out. 注：条件从句有时不表示出来，只暗含在上下文或短语中。如： We would have won the game.(可能暗含if we had worked harder.)

2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法

（1）在动词wish后的宾语从句中，谓语常用过去式来表现现在的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，用would/could/might+动词原形来表示将来的情况。

He wishes he could paints as well as a professional artist.

I wish I had been with you yeaterday.

We wish the rain would stop.

（2）在would rather后的宾语从句中，谓语常用过去式来表示现在或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况。

I would rather you did it.

I would rather you hadn’t told me the truth.

（3）在demand，suggest，order，propose，requset，command，insist等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语通常用should+动词原形或只用动词原形，来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等，而should常可省略。

John Snow suggested that the source of all water supplies (should)be examined.

They requested that the meeting be postponed.

3.虚拟语气还可以在主语、表语、同位语从句中运用，从句的谓语由“should+动词原形“或只用动词原形构成。

It is important that we（should）attend the meeting.

It is a pity that he（should）refuse our invitation.

My advice is that she wait till next week.

4.虚拟语气还可用来表示祝福、诅咒、禁止等。

Long live the unity of the Chinese people!

God bless you!

May you have a long and happy life!