动词-ing做定语

1、单个动词的V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语，这时有两种情况。

1)    -ing形式表示被修饰者的作用或功能, 这类作定语的-ing形式叫动名词。

a swimming pool= a pool used for swimming

drinking water=water used for drinking

a sleeping car=a car used for sleeping

2)    -ing形式表示“......的”意思，表被修饰者的动作或状态，叫现在分词。

a sleeping child= a child who is sleeping

working people=people who are working

the rising sun =the sun that is rising

2、动词-ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后，相当于一个定语从句。如：

They are visitors coming from several countries.

The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.

In the following years he worked even harder.

在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。

The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.

正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

3、现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：

in the following years =in the years that followed

the man speaking to the teacher =the man who is speaking to the teacher