动词的ing形式作主语和宾语

 

一、动词-ing形式作主语

● 动词-ing形式作主语常用来表示经常性和习惯性的动作。动词-ing形式作主语通常放在句首。

例如：Listening to music is my sister’s hobby.

● 动词-ing形式作主语时，为了保持句子平衡，可以用it作形式主语。常用的结构：

1. It is + no use / no good / useless etc.+ v-ing

2. It is + nice / good / interesting / a waste of … etc. + v-ing 例如：

It is no use crying over spilt milk.

二、动词-ing形式作宾语

● 动词-ing形式既可作动词的宾语，又可作介词的宾语。

1. 以下动词或短语只接动词-ing形式作宾语：

admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, enjoy, escape, finish, keep, mind, miss, suggest等动词; can’t stand, give up, feel like, keep on, think of, set about, dream of 等短语。

2. 在下列短语中，to是介词，后面应用动词-ing形式作宾语：

be / get used to, look forward to, devote…to, pay attention to, object to等。

3. 下列动词或短语既可以跟动词-ing形式作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：

● like, love, prefer如表示经常性的行为后接动词-ing形式；如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式，但要注意：如果like, love, prefer前有would，后面则接动词不定式。如：Would you like to go shopping with me?

● 下列几组词接动词-ing形式作宾语和不定式作宾语含义不同：

forget doing 忘记已做过某事；  forget to do 忘记要做某事

remember doing 记得做过某事； remember to do 记住要做某事

mean doing 意思是，意味着；   mean to do 打算做

regret doing 后悔做过某事;      regret to do 遗憾要做某事

can’t help doing 禁不住做；     can’t help (to) do 不能帮忙做。

● 在allow, permit, advise等动词后直接跟动词-ing形式作宾语，如果这些词后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后要用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：

We don’t allow smoking in the classroom.

We don’t allow students to smoke.

● 动词need, require, want作“需要”解时，其后用动词-ing的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，这时动词-ing的主动形式表被动意义。如：

Your coat wants washing. = Your coat wants to be washed.

三、动词-ing的复合结构

动词-ing的复合结构即：物主代词或名词所有格(作宾语时也可以用代词宾格或名词普通格) + 动词-ing。如：

Lucy’s turning up surprised everyone present.

Would you mind my / me using your mobile phone?

四、动词-ing的时态、语态以及否定形式

动词-ing有一般式(doing) 和完成式 (having done) 两种时态，一般式的被动语态是being done，完成式的被动语态是having been done。动词-ing的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。

动词-ing的否定形式是在doing之前加not。例如：

I’m sorry for not having told you the news earlier.

五、巩固练习

1. The suggestion they all objected to ________ very effective finally.

A. proved         B. proving         C. prove         D. to prove

2. It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ________ the answers ready will be of great help.

A. To have had                          B. Having had

C. Have                                     D. Having

3. — What made you so happy?

— ________ the first prize.

A. Get              B. Getting          C. Got            D. To get

4. I really appreciate ________ a great effort to help me out of the trouble.

A. you to take                            B. your to take

C. your taking                            D. your being taken

5. I still remember ________ to see films in the open air when I was small.

A. to take                                   B. taking

C. being taken                            D. to be taken

6. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area ________.

A. need repairing                        B. needs to repair

C. needs repairing                       D. need to repair

7. — You did very well at the meeting, Black.

— Well, I regret ________ that to the boss.

A. say                                        B. to say

C. said                                       D. having said

8. It is worth considering what makes ”convenience” foods so popular, and ________ better ones of your own.

A. introduces                               B. to introduce

C. introducing                              D. introduced

 

Key: 1–4 ADBC     5–8 CADC