Direct and indirect speech

时态的变化：

1.当主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时的时候，从句动词时态不变。

1)She often says, “ All men and women are equal under the law.”

变为：She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.

2)“You did very well,” I have just told Tom.

变为：I have just told Tom that he did very well.

2. 主句谓语动词为一般过去时的时候，从句谓语动词要发生相应的变化。

一般现在时——>一般过去时

现在进行时——>过去进行时

现在完成时——>过去完成时

现在完成进行时——>过去完成进行时

一般过去时——>过去完成时

过去进行时——>过去完成进行时

过去完成时——>过去完成时

一般将来时——>过去将来时

注意：下列情况时态不变。

1.不变的真理。

The teacher said to the students,    ”Water freezes when the temperature falls below zero.”

改为：The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below zero.

2.经常的习惯。

He said to the doctor, “ I smoke two packs every day.”

——>He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.

3. 历史事件。

The teacher said ,” World War II ended in 1945.”

——>The teacher said that World War II ended in 1945.”

4.部分情态动词，如must, ought to, used to, had better 等。

She said to me,” You must hurry up.”——>She said that I must hurry up.

代词、形容词、副词、动词的变化。

this——>  that/this

these——>those/these

now——>then

ago——>before

today——>that day/today

tomorrow——>the next day

the day after tomorrow——>in two days’ time

yesterday——>the day before yesterday

last night——>the night before

go——>come /go

bring——>bring/ take

here——>there/here