什么是在线培训？

Online training is a software-based teaching program installed on a computer or a computer network. These programs feature a section for teaching, informal quizzes and tests and/or a final exam. Depending on the software, tests may be multiple choice, true/false, fill-in-the-blanks, and sometimes even essay. Some online training is text-only, but programs that are more sophisticated have video, flash animations, audio content, or a combination of all three.

在线培训是一款安装在计算机或计算机网络上基于软件的教学程序。这些程序的特点是章节式教学，非正式的测试和测验或一个期末考试。（在线培训）取决于软件，测试题也许是多项选择，对/错，填空，有时甚至是文章。有些在线培训仅仅是文本，但更复杂的程序内容还包括视频，flash动画，音频，或者是三者的结合。

Online training comes in two forms: closed network or over an Internet connection. Closed networks require users to show up in person. For example, major retail stores, such as Old Navy, provide a closed network to train employees on handling shoplifters. Retailers want to keep these procedures private and on a "need-to-know" basis, so it uses an "in-house" computer network. Users log in to a computer system with their employee number and password and complete the training, ensuring that company secrets stay within the company's network. No printouts, documents or other materials leave the office, avoiding the potential of it falling into the wrong hands.

在线培训有两种形式：封闭式网络或网络式连接。封闭式网络需要用户亲自出面。例如，主要的零售商店，像老海军（美国服装品牌），提供一个封闭式网络来培训下属处理商店扒手问题。零售商想要保持程序的隐私并在一个“需要了解”的基础上，所以它使用了一个“内部”计算机网络。用户用他们自己的编号和密码登录到一个计算机系统并完成培训，同时确保公司的机密保留在公司的网络内部。没有打印件，文档或其他材料从办公室流失出去，这种形式避免了那些资料落入别有用心的人手中的可能性。

The second type of online training uses public Internet connections. For instance, distance education programs, driver's safety training and online test preparation courses are conducted over public connections, allowing users to log in from anywhere in the world around the clock.

第二种类型的在线培训使用了公共网络连接。例如，远程教育项目，司机的安全培训和在线测试准备课程，这些都进行了公共连接，允许用户在世界任何地方全天候登陆。

在线培训的要求

When training is a simple review of company policies, rules or procedures, an online entry in a company Wiki serves the same purpose as a seminar or group instruction. For example, the United Nations uses this format for gender issues training through its Web site, which provides learning material, teaching resources and additional information.

培训是对公司政策、规则或程序一个简单回顾，一家公司维基的网上报名在一个研讨会或一组指令方面（与培训）有异曲同工之妙。例如，联合国通过它的网站使用这种格式进行性别问题的培训，该网站提供学习材料，教学资源和其他信息。­

Training needs vary, and material that's more complex requires a more sophisticated approach. Gap, Inc. relies heavily on high-tech "learn-as-you-go" online training. Its Gap Employee Help System gives on the spot training for a number of systems an employee might need during inventory, in the stock room or at the checkout counter. The Gap system lets employees solve routine problems on their own, just by looking up the right information.

培训的需求各不相同，材料越复杂，需要的方法就越精密。(美国时尚品牌)Gap，股份有限公司，在很大程度上依赖于高科技的“做中学”在线培训。它的差距员工帮助系统在存量房或收银台进行雇员可能需要的一些系统的现场培训。缺口系统让员工通过仅仅依靠自己寻找正确的信息来解决日常问题。

When it's time for more formal training, such as military computer security training courses, "self-paced" is still a guiding principle. At one time, the U.S. military used "mass briefings" to teach recruits the military's policies on computer security issues, but now an online program goes step-by-step through the information. At the end of each chapter, an overview of the material is given with the chance to start the chapter over if needed.

当进行像军用计算机安全培训课程这样更正式的训练时，“自定进度”仍是一个指导原则。曾经美国军方使用“质量简报”教新兵关于电脑安全问题的军事政策,但是现在一个在线程序就可以利用信息来一步步实现。每章结束时，程序都会给出材料的概述，这样如果需要的话你就可以重新开始（学习）这一章节。

Prior training involved a one-hour class with little time for review. The lack of a time limit to complete the modern online version plus a chance for one last look before testing is another major benefit.

之前（参加）的培训只有一个小时的课，很少有时间进行复习。对完成现代网络版时间限制的缺乏外加一个测试前能再看最后一眼的可能性是另一个主要的好处。

The best online training is flexible and lets a user stop and repeat. The U.S. Air Force's Safety Manager introductory training program offers a quiz at each chapter end. If they miss too many questions, users can start that chapter over, or they can review previous chapters before starting new material. During the final exam, users can't return to training.

最好的在线培训是灵活的，允许用户停止和重复。美国空军的安全管理入门培训计划在每章结束处提供了一个测验。如果他们错过了太多的问题，用户可以重新开始这一章，或者他们可以在开始（学习)新材料之前查看前面的章节。在期末考试期间，用户无法恢复训练。

在线培训（存在的）问题

Online training can be a big advantage, but it only works as well as the computer systems it has been installed on. Running software on outdated or slow computer systems can cause problems. Most training software comes with a list of system requirements and should be followed exactly. These requirements include:

在线培训可以是一个很大的优势，但它仅适用于已安装它（培训软件）的计算机系统。在过时或缓慢的计算机系统上运行软件可能会出现问题。大多数培训软件自带系统要求列表，这些系统要求应被严格遵守。这些包括：

1. Minimum hard drive space needed for program installation
2. Computer RAM requirements (i.e. 500mb RAM required to run the program)
3. Operating system requirements (Windows or Mac)                                

    1.安装程序所需的最小硬盘空间
    2.计算机内存的要求（即500MB RAM运行程序）
    3.操作系统要求（Windows或Mac）
                                                                                         

Some training programs may conflict with other programs. If the instruction manual says to close other programs before running, this should be followed. Interruptions in electrical power may affect training. A power surge or a single second of interrupted power may cause the program to shut down or crash. Surge protectors can prevent these problems. Using an uninterruptible power supply, or UPS, prevents losing data during temporary power outages. The UPS is a battery backup, which automatically starts when the electricity is cut off. The UPS keeps the machine running for as long as the battery reserve lasts, keeping the training or testing session from being interrupted.

一些培训课程，可能与其他程序冲突。如果说明书说运行（培训软件）之前关闭其他程序，我们应该照做。电源中断可能会影响训练。电涌或一秒的电源中断都可能会导致程序关闭或崩溃。电涌保护器可以防止这些问题。使用不间断电源或UPS，防止临时停电期间丢失数据。 UPS是一个备用电池，电力被切断时自动启动。 UPS使得机器能够在电池储备持续保持的情况下一直运行，防止训练或测试会话被中断。

During the testing phase of online training, you may be required to take the entire test session over again if there's data loss, computer crash, or other technical problems. Many online training tests don't allow users to stop and start the test over again.

在在线培训的测试期间如果有数据丢失，电脑死机，或其他技术问题出现的话，您可能需要把整个测试过程再来一遍。许多网上培训测试不允许用户停止测试和重新开始测试。
 

A third issue to contend with is computer hacking. The illegal compromise of a computer or computer network is the classic definition of hacking. People break into computers and networks for a wide variety of reasons, including data theft. If an online training program is hacked, third parties get illegal access to username and passwords, test results and any other confidential information. To avoid hacking, many companies offer training on closed systems. If training is offered on public Internet connections, steps need to be taken to safeguard private data.

 与之抗衡的第三个问题是电脑黑客。对计算机或计算机网络(进行)非法危害是黑客的经典定义。黑客闯入计算机和网络有各种原因，包括数据盗窃。如果在线培训程序被黑客攻击，第三方就会非法获取用户名和密码、测试结果及任何其他机密资料。为了避免黑客攻击，许多企业提供封闭系统的培训。如果培训提供公共互联网连接，企业需要采取措施以保护私人数据。