云计算的历史

First

      The underlying concept of cloud computing dates back to 1960s, when John McCarthy opined that "computation may someday be organized as a public utility". Almost all the modern day characteristics of cloud computing (elastic provision, provided as a utility, online, illusion of infinite supply), the comparison to the electricity industry and the use of public, private, government and community forms was thoroughly explored in Douglas Parkhill's, 1966 book, "The Challenge of the Computer Utility".

       云计算最根本的概念要追溯到20世纪六十年代，那个时候，John McCarthy认为“计算机将在未来的某一天被组织为公共事业”。与电力工业相比，云计算几乎具有所有现代的特点（弹性条款，提供实用，在线的，无限供应的错觉），在Douglas Parkhill 1966的那本《计算机应用的挑战》中，大众，私人，政府和社区形式的用途被彻底的探索。

Second

     The actual term "cloud" borrows from telephony in that telecommunications companies, who until the 1990s primarily offered dedicated point-to-point data circuits, began offering Virtual Private Network (VPN) services with comparable quality of service but at a much lower cost. By switching traffic to balance utilization as they saw fit they were able to utilise their overall network bandwidth more effectively. The cloud symbol was used to denote the demarcation point between that which was the responsibility of the provider from that of the user. Cloud computing extends this boundary to cover servers as well as the network infrastructure.

      通常我们说的的术语“云”来源于电信公司的电话,并且直到二是世纪九十年代，是本公司主要提供专用的逐点数据电路,开始提供有着性价比高的虚拟私有网络VPN。云计算通过转换通讯量的使用使其达到一个平衡的状态这样的方式，作为符合他们想看到地那样能够更高效率地利用他们的整体网络带宽。云符号用来显示供应商和使用者之间的分界点。云计算拓展它的领域覆盖到了服务器以及网络基础设施。

Third

      Amazon played a key role in the development of cloud computing by modernizing their data centers after the dot-com bubble, which, like most computer networks, were using as little as 10% of their capacity at any one time just to leave room for occasional spikes. Having found that the new cloud architecture resulted in significant internal efficiency improvements whereby small, fast-moving "two-pizza teams" could add new features faster and easier, Amazon initiated a new product development effort to provide cloud computing to external customers and launched Amazon Web Service (AWS) on a utility computing basis in 2006.

     在互联网泡沫化之后，就像大多数的计算机网络一样，单单是为偶尔的峰值留得空间，他们每次使用的空间低至容量的10%。亚马逊通过使他们的数据中心现代化，从而在云计算的发展中扮演着重要的角色我们已经发现了新云架构凭借小型，快速移动的“双披萨团队”可以更快更简单的添加新功能导致了显著的内部效益的改进。亚马逊在2006年开创了一个新产品的开发工作为外部顾客提供了云计算和在一个效用的计算基础上推行了亚马逊Web服务。

Forth

     In 2007, Google, IBM, and a number of universities embarked on a large scale cloud computing research project. In early 2008, Eucalyptus became the first open source AWS API compatible platform for deploying private clouds. By mid-2008, Gartner saw an opportunity for cloud computing "to shape the relationship among consumers of IT services, those who use IT services and those who sell them", and observed that "organisations are switching from company-owned hardware and software assets to per-use service-based models" so that the "projected shift to cloud computing ... will result in dramatic growth in IT products in some areas and significant reductions in other areas."

     2007年，谷歌，IBM联合一些高校开展了一个大规模的云计算研究项目。在2008年早期，Eucalyptus成为第一个分发私人云而开放AWS API资源的兼容性平台到了2008年中期，Gartner 看到了云计算的发展前景，即为IT服务的消费者（那些使用IT服务的和那些以IT服务为生的消费者）塑造关系网；在此同时，他还发现组织形式正在从公司所有的软件和硬件资产向以个人实用的服务为基础的模式改变，所以这次云计算的项目转型将会引起一些地区的IT产业的急剧增长和其它地区的极大减少

Fifth

     In March 2010, Microsoft's CEO, Steve Ballmer, made his strongest statement of betting the company's future in the cloud by proclaiming "For the cloud, we're all in" and further stating "About 75 percent of our folks are doing entirely cloud based or entirely cloud inspired, a year from now that will be 90 percent."

     在2010年的五月，微软的CEO，Steve Ballmer对于宣称把他的公司的未来押注在云上做了强硬的声明：断言公司的未来在云上，“For the cloud, we're all in”并且进一步说， “我们大概有75%的人正在完全被官方授意的云上工作，一年之后将会有95%的人这样。”